TypeScript Monorepo Guide: Turborepo, Nx, and pnpm

Rishikesh Baidya

Author

March 1, 202511 min read

Development

Featured Image

Monorepos have become the architecture of choice for TypeScript projects at scale. As Rishikesh Baidya, our CTO, notes: "A well-structured monorepo lets teams move faster—shared code, atomic commits, and unified tooling pay dividends as you scale." At Softechinfra, we've built multiple production monorepos for complex SaaS applications.

60%

Faster Builds w/Caching

40%

Less Code Duplication

Faster Refactoring

Setup, All Projects

Why Monorepos for TypeScript?

🔗

Code Sharing

Shared types, utilities, and components across all packages—no npm publish needed

⚛️

Atomic Changes

Update a shared type and all consumers in one commit—no version coordination

🛠️

Unified Tooling

Single ESLint, Prettier, and TypeScript config for consistency

🧑‍💻

Developer Experience

One git clone, one install, full codebase—no context switching

Tool Comparison: Turborepo vs Nx

Feature	Turborepo	Nx
Setup Complexity	Simple, minimal config	More configuration options
Build Caching	Excellent, hash-based	Excellent, computation caching
Affected Commands	--filter flag	Built-in affected:*
Remote Caching	Vercel (free tier)	Nx Cloud (free tier)
Best For	Getting started, medium teams	Large orgs, enterprise needs

Our Recommendation: Start with Turborepo + pnpm for most projects. Switch to Nx if you need generators, plugins ecosystem, or enterprise features. Both work great for TypeScript.

Project Setup

Directory Structure

code

my-monorepo/
├── apps/
│   ├── web/              # Next.js frontend
│   ├── api/              # Express/Fastify backend
│   └── admin/            # Admin dashboard
├── packages/
│   ├── ui/               # Shared React components
│   ├── shared/           # Shared types and utilities
│   ├── database/         # Prisma schema and client
│   └── config/           # Shared configs (tsconfig, eslint)
├── package.json
├── pnpm-workspace.yaml
├── turbo.json
└── tsconfig.json

Workspace Configuration

pnpm-workspace.yaml

Define which directories contain packages:

yaml

packages:
  - 'apps/*'
  - 'packages/*'

turbo.json

Configure the build pipeline with dependencies:

json

{
  "$schema": "https://turbo.build/schema.json",
  "pipeline": {
    "build": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "outputs": ["dist/", ".next/"]
    },
    "dev": {
      "cache": false,
      "persistent": true
    },
    "test": {
      "dependsOn": ["build"],
      "outputs": ["coverage/"]
    },
    "lint": {
      "outputs": []
    }
  }
}

TypeScript Configuration

Shared Base Config

packages/config/tsconfig.base.json:

json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "declaration": true,
    "declarationMap": true,
    "sourceMap": true,
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "target": "ES2022",
    "lib": ["ES2022"]
  }
}

Package Config Extension

apps/web/tsconfig.json:

json

{
  "extends": "@myorg/config/tsconfig.base.json",
  "compilerOptions": {
    "outDir": "dist",
    "rootDir": "src",
    "jsx": "react-jsx"
  },
  "include": ["src//*"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
}

Internal Package Patterns

"The key to monorepo success is treating internal packages like real packages—proper exports, TypeScript declarations, and clear boundaries. Don't let the monorepo become a tangled mess of imports."

Rishikesh Baidya CTO, Softechinfra

Shared Package Setup

packages/shared/package.json:

json

{
  "name": "@myorg/shared",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "main": "./dist/index.js",
  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
      "import": "./dist/index.js"
    }
  },
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsc",
    "dev": "tsc --watch"
  }
}

Shared Types Example

packages/shared/src/types.ts:

typescript

// Domain types shared across apps
export interface User {
  id: string
  email: string
  name: string
  role: 'admin' | 'user' | 'viewer'
}export interface ApiResponse {
  data: T
  meta: {
    requestId: string
    timestamp: number
  }
}// Utility types
export type Nullable = T | null
export type AsyncFunction = () => Promise

Using Internal Packages

apps/web/package.json:

json

{
  "dependencies": {
    "@myorg/shared": "workspace:*",
    "@myorg/ui": "workspace:*"
  }
}

Build Optimization

Caching Strategies

💾

Local Cache

Turborepo caches in .turbo by default—subsequent builds skip unchanged packages

☁️

Remote Cache

Share cache across CI and team members—huge speedup for large repos

🎯

Affected Builds

Only rebuild packages affected by changes—critical for CI efficiency

⚡

Parallel Execution

Turborepo automatically parallelizes independent tasks

Affected Builds Command

bash

# Build only packages affected since last commit
turbo run build --filter=[HEAD^1]# Build only packages affected compared to main
turbo run build --filter=[origin/main...]# Build specific package and its dependencies
turbo run build --filter=@myorg/web...

CI/CD Configuration

GitHub Actions with Remote Caching

yaml

name: CI on: [push, pull_request]jobs: build: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 with: fetch-depth: 2 # Needed for affected commands - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v3 with: version: 8 - uses: actions/setup-node@v4 with: node-version: 20 cache: 'pnpm' - run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile

# Remote caching with Vercel - run: pnpm turbo build test lint --filter=[HEAD^1] env: TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }} TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }}

CI Tip: Always use `--frozen-lockfile` in CI to ensure reproducible builds. Set up remote caching early—it pays dividends as your repo grows. See our secure development guide for CI security practices.

Common Patterns

Checklist for Monorepo Success

Keep packages small and focused—single responsibility
Use workspace:* for internal dependencies
Share ESLint/Prettier configs via internal package
Set up remote caching from day one
Use TypeScript project references for faster type checking
Document package purposes in README files

When to Split Packages

UI components — shared across multiple apps
API clients — generated or hand-written
Utility functions — date helpers, validators
Types/interfaces — domain models
Config files — tsconfig, eslint, prettier

Projects like ChipMakerHub demonstrate this pattern with shared UI components across customer and admin portals.

Need Help Setting Up Your Monorepo?

We help teams architect and implement TypeScript monorepos that scale—from initial setup to CI/CD optimization.

Discuss Your Architecture →

Tags:

TypeScriptMonorepoDevelopmentArchitectureTurborepo

Share this post:

Rishikesh Baidya

CTO at Softechinfra specializing in Python, system architecture, and building secure, scalable software solutions.

Back to Blog

Rishikesh Baidya

Author

March 1, 202511 min read

Development

Featured Image

60%

Faster Builds w/Caching

40%

Less Code Duplication

Faster Refactoring

Setup, All Projects

Why Monorepos for TypeScript?

🔗

Code Sharing

Shared types, utilities, and components across all packages—no npm publish needed

⚛️

Atomic Changes

Update a shared type and all consumers in one commit—no version coordination

🛠️

Unified Tooling

Single ESLint, Prettier, and TypeScript config for consistency

🧑‍💻

Developer Experience

One git clone, one install, full codebase—no context switching

Tool Comparison: Turborepo vs Nx

Feature	Turborepo	Nx
Setup Complexity	Simple, minimal config	More configuration options
Build Caching	Excellent, hash-based	Excellent, computation caching
Affected Commands	--filter flag	Built-in affected:*
Remote Caching	Vercel (free tier)	Nx Cloud (free tier)
Best For	Getting started, medium teams	Large orgs, enterprise needs

Our Recommendation: Start with Turborepo + pnpm for most projects. Switch to Nx if you need generators, plugins ecosystem, or enterprise features. Both work great for TypeScript.

Project Setup

Directory Structure

code

my-monorepo/
├── apps/
│   ├── web/              # Next.js frontend
│   ├── api/              # Express/Fastify backend
│   └── admin/            # Admin dashboard
├── packages/
│   ├── ui/               # Shared React components
│   ├── shared/           # Shared types and utilities
│   ├── database/         # Prisma schema and client
│   └── config/           # Shared configs (tsconfig, eslint)
├── package.json
├── pnpm-workspace.yaml
├── turbo.json
└── tsconfig.json

Workspace Configuration

pnpm-workspace.yaml

Define which directories contain packages:

yaml

packages:
  - 'apps/*'
  - 'packages/*'

turbo.json

Configure the build pipeline with dependencies:

json

{
  "$schema": "https://turbo.build/schema.json",
  "pipeline": {
    "build": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "outputs": ["dist/", ".next/"]
    },
    "dev": {
      "cache": false,
      "persistent": true
    },
    "test": {
      "dependsOn": ["build"],
      "outputs": ["coverage/"]
    },
    "lint": {
      "outputs": []
    }
  }
}

TypeScript Configuration

Shared Base Config

packages/config/tsconfig.base.json:

json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "declaration": true,
    "declarationMap": true,
    "sourceMap": true,
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "target": "ES2022",
    "lib": ["ES2022"]
  }
}

Package Config Extension

apps/web/tsconfig.json:

json

{
  "extends": "@myorg/config/tsconfig.base.json",
  "compilerOptions": {
    "outDir": "dist",
    "rootDir": "src",
    "jsx": "react-jsx"
  },
  "include": ["src//*"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
}

Internal Package Patterns

Rishikesh Baidya CTO, Softechinfra

Shared Package Setup

packages/shared/package.json:

json

{
  "name": "@myorg/shared",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "main": "./dist/index.js",
  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
      "import": "./dist/index.js"
    }
  },
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsc",
    "dev": "tsc --watch"
  }
}

Shared Types Example

packages/shared/src/types.ts:

typescript

// Domain types shared across apps
export interface User {
  id: string
  email: string
  name: string
  role: 'admin' | 'user' | 'viewer'
}export interface ApiResponse {
  data: T
  meta: {
    requestId: string
    timestamp: number
  }
}// Utility types
export type Nullable = T | null
export type AsyncFunction = () => Promise

Using Internal Packages

apps/web/package.json:

json

{
  "dependencies": {
    "@myorg/shared": "workspace:*",
    "@myorg/ui": "workspace:*"
  }
}

Build Optimization

Caching Strategies

💾

Local Cache

Turborepo caches in .turbo by default—subsequent builds skip unchanged packages

☁️

Remote Cache

Share cache across CI and team members—huge speedup for large repos

🎯

Affected Builds

Only rebuild packages affected by changes—critical for CI efficiency

⚡

Parallel Execution

Turborepo automatically parallelizes independent tasks

Affected Builds Command

bash

# Build only packages affected since last commit
turbo run build --filter=[HEAD^1]# Build only packages affected compared to main
turbo run build --filter=[origin/main...]# Build specific package and its dependencies
turbo run build --filter=@myorg/web...

CI/CD Configuration

GitHub Actions with Remote Caching

yaml

# Remote caching with Vercel - run: pnpm turbo build test lint --filter=[HEAD^1] env: TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }} TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }}

Common Patterns

Checklist for Monorepo Success

Keep packages small and focused—single responsibility
Use workspace:* for internal dependencies
Share ESLint/Prettier configs via internal package
Set up remote caching from day one
Use TypeScript project references for faster type checking
Document package purposes in README files

When to Split Packages

UI components — shared across multiple apps
API clients — generated or hand-written
Utility functions — date helpers, validators
Types/interfaces — domain models
Config files — tsconfig, eslint, prettier

Projects like ChipMakerHub demonstrate this pattern with shared UI components across customer and admin portals.

Need Help Setting Up Your Monorepo?

We help teams architect and implement TypeScript monorepos that scale—from initial setup to CI/CD optimization.

Discuss Your Architecture →

Tags:

TypeScriptMonorepoDevelopmentArchitectureTurborepo

Share this post:

Rishikesh Baidya

CTO at Softechinfra specializing in Python, system architecture, and building secure, scalable software solutions.

Back to Blog

TypeScript Monorepo Guide: Turborepo, Nx, and pnpm

Why Monorepos for TypeScript?

Tool Comparison: Turborepo vs Nx

Project Setup

Directory Structure

Workspace Configuration

TypeScript Configuration

Shared Base Config

Package Config Extension

Internal Package Patterns

Shared Package Setup

Shared Types Example

Using Internal Packages

Build Optimization

Caching Strategies

Affected Builds Command

CI/CD Configuration

GitHub Actions with Remote Caching

Common Patterns

Checklist for Monorepo Success

When to Split Packages

Need Help Setting Up Your Monorepo?

Rishikesh Baidya

Related Posts

Building Scalable Web Applications: A Complete Guide

AI Code Generation in 2025: What Actually Works

The React Ecosystem in 2025: What to Use and Why

Want More Insights?

TypeScript Monorepo Guide: Turborepo, Nx, and pnpm

Why Monorepos for TypeScript?

Tool Comparison: Turborepo vs Nx

Project Setup

Directory Structure

Workspace Configuration

TypeScript Configuration

Shared Base Config

Package Config Extension

Internal Package Patterns

Shared Package Setup

Shared Types Example

Using Internal Packages

Build Optimization

Caching Strategies

Affected Builds Command

CI/CD Configuration

GitHub Actions with Remote Caching

Common Patterns

Checklist for Monorepo Success

When to Split Packages

Need Help Setting Up Your Monorepo?

Rishikesh Baidya

Related Posts

Building Scalable Web Applications: A Complete Guide

AI Code Generation in 2025: What Actually Works

The React Ecosystem in 2025: What to Use and Why

Want More Insights?